美国总统1美元流通硬币

二队人

Lyndon B. Johnson: 36th President (1963 – 1969)

林登·B·约翰逊：第三十六任总统（1963年－1969年）

Lyndon Baines “LBJ” Johnson was born August 27, 1908, in central Texas. He graduated from Southwest Texas State Teachers College (now Texas State University-San Marcos). 林登·贝恩斯“LBJ”·约翰逊于1908年8月27日出生在德克萨斯州的中部。他毕业于西南德克萨斯州立师范大学（现为德克萨斯州立大学圣马科斯分校）。 Johnson successfully campaigned for the U.S. House of Representatives in 1937 where he served six years before moving on to serve 12 years in the U.S. Senate. 在1937年约翰逊成功当选美国众议院议员，担任六年众议员后，又成功当选美国参议院议员，并连续担任了十二年参议员。 Johnson became the nation’s 37th vice president in 1961. He had held that office for less than three years, when John F. Kennedy's assassination thrust him into the presidency. During a joint session of Congress to present his plans for leading the nation after Kennedy's death, he said, “All that I have I would have given gladly not to be standing here today.” 1961年约翰逊成为美国第三十七任副总统。他在任不到三年，当约翰F肯尼迪遇刺身亡后，他被推到了总统的宝座。在一个国会联席会议上，提出了他在肯尼迪去世后领导国家的计划，他说：“我所拥有的一切，我会非常乐意奉献出来，而非因为此时的身份。” During his administration, President Johnson promoted his vision of “The Great Society” and tackled issues such as poverty, inequality in education, voting rights and （保护大自然）. However, it was the conflict between North and South Vietnam that took center stage both at home and abroad. 在执政期间，约翰逊总统推行他的“伟大的社会”愿景，解决诸如：贫困、教育不平等、投票权和保护大自然等问题。然而。越南的南北冲突却成为了国内外的中心舞台。 Additional highlights of Johnson's presidency include: 约翰逊总统的其它重点包括： Passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Open Housing Act of 1968 通过了1964年的民权法案、1965年的投票权法案和1968年的开放住房法案。 Passage of legislation creating the National Endowments for the Arts and Humanities and the National Endowment for the Humanities 通过立法创建艺术和人文学科的国家捐赠基金，以及人文国家捐赠基金。 Passage of the Highway Safety Act 通过公路安全法案。 Passage of the Public Broadcasting Act 通过公共广播法案。 Passage of Social Security Act 1965, which created the Medicare and Medicaid programs 通过1965年社会安全法案，创建了医疗保险和医疗补助计划。 Apollo 8, the first manned spacecraft to orbit the moon 阿波罗8号，第一艘载人飞船进入月球轨道。 Coinage legislation enacted during presidency: 总统任期内的货币立法： Coinage Act of 1965: Amended the act of 1792, eliminated silver from the dime, and quarter and substantially reducing the amount of silver in the half-dollar. 1965年的造币法案：修正1792年的法案，消除10美分和25美分硬币中银的涵量，大幅减少50美分硬币中银的含量。 United States Mint Directors Appointed: 美国铸币局主管的任命： None 无

二队人

Richard M. Nixon: 37th President (1969 – 1974)

第三十七任总统：查理德·M·尼克松（1969-1974)

Richard Milhous Nixon was born January 9, 1913, in Yorba Linda, California, and raised in nearby Whittier. He attended Whittier College and Duke University Law School, and then went on to practice law. During World War II, he served as a lieutenant commander in the U.S. Navy. 查理德·米尔豪斯·尼克松，于1913年1月9日出生加州的约巴琳达，在惠蒂尔附近长大。他就读于惠蒂尔学院和杜克大学法学院，后继续从事法律工作。在第二次世界大战期间，他曾担任美国海军少校。 Once the war ended, Nixon successfully ran for Congress in 1946, where he gained national attention for his role in the investigation of charges against former State Department official Alger Hiss. In 1950, he won a seat in the U.S. Senate, serving until 1952, when he was elected vice president. 在1946年，战争结束后的1946年，尼克松就成功竞选为国会议员，他在对前国务院官员阿尔杰·希斯的调查指控所起的作用，使他赢得国民的瞩目。1950年他当选为美国参议院议员，议员任期直到1952 年他被选定为副总统为止。 Nixon campaigned for the presidency in 1960 but lost by less than 120,000 votes or 0.2 percent of the popular vote. A subsequent bid for governor in 1962 also ended in defeat. In 1968 Nixon campaigned for president again and won. He served until 1974, when he resigned to avoid impeachment for his role in the Watergate scandal. He is the only president to resign the office. 1960年尼克松竞选总统失败，所获大众选票不到120，000张即0.2%。随后在1962年竞选州长也以失败告终。1968年尼克松再次竞选总统，并赢得总统竞选。他任期到1974年为止。因其在水门事件中所处的角色，为避免被弹劾，他提出辞职。他是唯一一位辞职的总统。 Highlights of Nixon’s administration include: 尼克松的施政亮点包括： Signing of the Paris Peace Accords ending U.S. involvement in Vietnam 签署了巴黎和平协议结束了美国在越南的军事介入。 Improving international (关系) with China and the U.S.S.R. 与中国和苏联共同改善国际关系。 Ending the military draft 结束征兵。 Creating the Environmental Protection Agency 创建环境保护署。

Gerald R. Ford: 38th President (1974 – 1977)

第三十八任总统：杰拉尔德·R·福特（1974-1977）

Gerald Rudolph Ford was born Leslie Lynch King Jr. on July 14, 1913, in Omaha, Nebraska. Following the separation and eventual divorce of his parents, his mother married Gerald R. Ford, a Grand Rapids paint salesman. His name was legally changed in 1935. 杰拉尔德·鲁道夫·福特，原名小莱斯利·林奇·金，于1913年7月14日出生在内布拉斯加州的奥马哈市。随后，他的父母分居，并最终离了婚。他的母亲嫁给大溪城一名叫杰拉尔德·R·福特的油漆推销员。1935年他依法更改了姓名。 Ford graduated from the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor in 1935 and later Yale, where he earned a law degree while coaching the football team. 1935年福特毕业于密歇根大学安娜堡分校。稍后，他在耶鲁大学学习，在执教橄榄球队同时，并获得了法学学士学位。 Following a stint in the U.S. Navy during World War II, Ford campaigned for the U.S. House of Representatives, serving from January 3, 1949 to December 6, 1973. He was appointed vice president in 1973, and almost a year later, he was thrust into the presidency when Richard Nixon resigned. 在第二次世界大战期间，他在美国海军服役。福特竞选为美国众议院议员，任期从1949年1月3日至1973年12月6日。1973年他被任命为副总统，差不多一年后，当查理德·尼克松辞职后，他被推到总统的职位。 Highlights of Ford’s administration include: 福特施政的亮点包括： Initiating a program to grant clemency to Vietnam War-era draft evaders 启动赦免越南战争期间逃避兵役者程序。 Launching the Whip Inflation Now (WIN) program, designed to curb inflation 启动《马上打击通胀计划》（简称WIN），旨在抑制通货膨胀。 Signing the Federal (竞选) Campaign Act of 1974, an early attempt at campaign finance reform 签署1974年联邦竞选法案，一个可尽早筹备竞选资金的改革。 Granting Richard Nixon a full pardon, becoming the first sitting president to testify before a congressional committee to explain his action 给予查理德·米尔豪斯·尼克松完全赦免，成为第一位在任总统向国会委员会作证来解释他的行为。

第四十任总统：罗纳德·里根（1981-1989）

Ronald Reagan: 40th President (1981 – 1989)

Ronald Wilson Reagan was born on February 6, 1911, in Tampico, Illinois. He worked his way through Eureka College and then landed a job as a radio announcer. 罗纳德·威尔逊·里根，于1911年2月6日出生在伊利诺伊州的坦皮科。他通过他在尤里卡大学的经历，于是找到了一份在电台播音员的工作。 Reagan developed an interest in acting while in college and in 1937 he landed a contract with a major studio. He appeared in more than 50 films, including training films during World War II while serving in the Army Air Corps. 里根在大学期间对表演产生了浓厚兴趣。1937年，他与一间专业电影公司签订了一份合同。他演出了五十多部电影，包括在第二次世界大战期间，在空军服役时所拍的训练电影。 Reagan also had a keen interest in politics and in 1966, he successfully ran for governor of California, serving two terms. He unsuccessfully challenged President Ford for the Republican nomination in 1976 and defeated Jimmy Carter four years later, becoming the nation's 40th president on January 20, 1981. 里根对政治也有浓厚的兴趣。1966年，他成功竞选加州州长，并担任了两个任期。1976年共和党提名他挑战福特总统结果失败，四年后击败吉米·卡特，1981年1月20日成为美国第四十任总统。 Highlights of Reagan’s administration include: 里根的施政亮点包括： Promotion of an economic program aimed at boosting the economy through a combination of tax cuts, deregulation and restraint in domestic spending 推行促进经济发展的计划，旨在通过减税、放松管制和限制国内消费来推动经济增长。 Negotiation of a treaty with the Soviet Union that eliminated intermediate-range nuclear arms 与苏联达成条约,消除中程核武器。 Appointing the first woman to the U.S. Supreme Court 任命了美国最高法院的首位女法官。